Escalating Verbal Conflict Among Ethiopian Government and Eritrean Government Sparks Concerns of Military Confrontation

Increasing worries have emerged about the chance of armed conflict involving Horn of Africa countries, the Ethiopian government and Eritrea, as aggressive language has intensified in the past few weeks.

Ethiopia-Eritrea border
Ethiopia and The Eritrean government worked together in the armed struggle in Tigray but they have since fallen out.

What Did Ethiopia Stated?

Landlocked Ethiopia's demands for entry to the sea coast through Eritrean territory has provoked a fierce rhetorical conflict.

PM Abiy Ahmed initially stated publicly in the previous year that his nation's sea access was an vital issue, comments that Eritrean authorities rejected.

Diplomatic connections between the both governments have frequently been strained. Following a decades-long struggle for freedom, the Eritrean state, which has a 1,350km (840-mile) maritime frontage, officially seceded from Ethiopian rule in 1993, leaving it cut off from the sea.

Five years later, a border war erupted in which numerous people lost their lives.

Current Statements from Ethiopian Leadership

Prime Minister Abiy and army chief General Birhanu Jula have directly stated sovereignty of Eritrean coastal city of Assab – about 60km from the frontier - and implied the intention to seize it militarily.

Recently, the Prime Minister said Ethiopia's "error" of losing access to the Red Sea as a result of Eritrea secession would be "rectified in the future".

The Ethiopian envoy to neighboring Kenya, retired Gen Bacha Debele, said that Assab was "Ethiopian property" and would be given back "through military action".

Eritrea's Response to the Claims

Despite continuous challenges from Ethiopia, Eritrea's reaction has been limited to concise remarks on online platforms from Information Minister Yemane G..

The minister has dismissed Ethiopia's demand for access to the Red Sea calling it "risky" and a "harmful plan" of "expansionism" – a strategy of reclaiming previous domains.

Eritrean authorities alerted on mid-September that moves to validate "flagrant aggression" would have significant repercussions for Ethiopia and its neighbouring countries and is a "limit that should not be crossed|violated|breached".

Security Preparations on the Ground

There have been little evidence of major military movements in the boundary zones between the neighboring states.

Nevertheless, in Ethiopia, national TV has shown completion events of thousands of cadets at multiple army bases.

The director of human resources department of the military, General Hachalu, stated recently in an conversation that the military was in a "strong stance" as "many thousands of youths" were joining it, which he said was "a signal to our enemies".

Previous Roots of the Tension

For over fifty years from 1890, Eritrea was administered by Italian colonisers.

Following Italy's defeat, it was then administered by the British military before turning into a associated territory of the Ethiopian empire.

But in 1962 the Ethiopian emperor ended this system and the region became totally absorbed into Ethiopia.

A three-decade long internal conflict followed, ending with Ethiopia's defeat in 1991. Sovereignty was then endorsed by the population in a vote in 1993.

Temporarily in the 1990s, there were positive ties between the authorities in Addis Ababa and Eritrea's capital, but they disagreed over the exact location of their common border, causing war in 1998.

Though this concluded in a peace deal in 2000, it was partially applied, and the neighbors remained at in dispute.

This situation improved in 2018, when the Prime Minister made gestures to Eritrean President President Isaias. The both leaders endorsed a declaration that the conflict was over – a move that earned Abiy the prestigious award.

The neighboring states were then cooperators in the country's 2020-2022 armed struggle in the northern region.

Yet ties have later worsened again.

Margaret Crane
Margaret Crane

A tech enthusiast and writer passionate about exploring the latest innovations and sharing practical lifestyle advice.